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**** DRAFT DRAFT *** please send corrections
Version 1.8 July 9 1993 update since 1.6
KD6PAG found a bug in quoting recieved escape and end characters
is
sofktiss 1.6. The bug and the fix and patch are all correct, thanks for
some great detective work.
Update phone number
Overview
This document tells you how to get your Mac on packet radio for less
than $50. Some friends are working on a modem for less than $30.
Written by Aaron Wohl
6393 Penn Ave #303
Pittsburgh PA, 15206
Phone 412-731-3691 (note: new phone)
AppleLink: A0361 (seldom checked)
Internet: n3liw+@cmu.edu
Compuserv: 76516,2677 (note: new address)
Packet: n3liw@w2xo.wpa.usa.na
Things you need to get started
IP ADDRESS
You need an "IP" address. This is a 32 bit number issued by your
local ip coordinator. It is expressed as 4 numbers separated by
periods. It should look like 44.112.0.200.
My call sign is N3LIW so I sent a request to my coordinator: "My host
is called n3liw I need one IP address. It is located in Pittsburgh PA".
I asked around to find the coordinator in my area. I have attached
the current list of IP coordinators as Appendix 1.
HOST TABLE
There is a file that lists all the folks around you that also have ip
addresses. It must have your ip address and hostname (call sign) at
least. You can get this from your coordinator. It looks like this:
44.112.0.1 unix.n3cvl
44.112.0.2 w3vc
44.112.0.3 darth.wa3yoa
44.112.0.4 unix.w2xo
44.112.0.5 n3igw
44.112.0.6 wa3hgw
NET
This is the software than emulates a "normal" TNC. It is available
from the internet on host akutaktak.andrew.cmu.edu via anonymous
ftp in the /aw0g directory. On compuserve in the hamnet forum
library 9. MAC/Net expects a TNC in kiss mode, which is what
Softkiss emulates.
Softkiss
This software emulates a really dumb TNC in kiss mode. It is
available on the internet from host akutaktak.andrew.cmu.edu
[128.2.35.1] in the /aw0g directory. It is also available on
compuserv hamnet forum in library 9.
Software Compatibility Switch
If you are using a Mac fx or quadra (or newer har har) get the
"software compatibility switch" control panel from compuserv
Macintosh Developers sig library 8 (Apple System Tools) and is called
FXSRSW.SIT.
MODEM
All of the above stuff is free. The modem you have build or buy.
Stas at A&A engineering sells BayCom kits based on the 7910 modem
chip, the phone is 714 952 2114. I have been using two of his kits in
development. This kit supports 300 baud for HF work [untested by
n3liw].
A quote from Dexter Francis: "Sigma Design Associates [Dexter Francis
KD6CNT] has a modem specifically for the macintosh that should cost
about $30. It comes with a HyperCard stack with useful tips on
building and hooking up a modem. 408-733-8985 AppleLink:
Francis4 Compuserv: 70611,1340 XXX"
I have been using a prototype of this modem. It is line powered
which saves having an extra power cable. Softkiss supports the line
powered option which is handy on a power book or portable.
John Olson at Tigertronics sells a little line powered modem model
BayPac-2 built into a DB25 connector. The cost is $49. He is sent me
one to hook up and try out. It is working well. There is a wireing
diagram in the wireing section. Tigertronics can be reached at
(503)474-6700.
The 1992 ARLL handbook has some planes for a modem on page 29-
13 if you want to build one.
73 Magazine had an interesting article published in August 1991
'Poor Man's Packet' by F. Kevin Feeney WB2EMS and Andy Payne.
Installing The Hardware
Wiring
Radio
Sorry no help here, the modem kit probably came with some hints?
Power
Unless the modem is specially designed to be low power there isn't
enough juice to steal power from the Mac. If you have such a
modem set "line_power true" in Softkiss to leave the transmit drivers
on even in receive mode to power your modem. Currently the
default is line_power true. Comments? are most of you using line
powered or externaly powered modems?
Macintosh
See Inside Mac Volume IV page 249.
See below the pinout for the A&A Baycom modem
There is no standard for Mac cable color codes, so when you get
yours working telling a friend the colors won't help
The Softkiss software currently ignores the CTS (Mac pin2) signal.
If your modem supplies it you can hook it up to be ready for a future
version. Sigma's MacPacketModem provides this signal.
The Mac has two transmit data lines, ignore the TXD+(Mac pin6)
signal and use the TXD-(Mac pin3) because that is closer to being
RS232.
The Mac has two receive data lines, hook the RXD+(Mac pin8) to your
circuit ground. Send data in RXD0 (Mac pin5)
The DTR (Mac pin 1) signal is used to key the transmitter. It is
active high
Mac PIN 4 is ground.
Don't hook anything to the GPI (Mac pin 7)
Pinout for Sigma modem
The Sigma modem uses a mini db-8 which is the same thing used on
a Laserwriter so you can use a standard cable.
Pinout for A&A Baycom modem
Mac Pinout DB9 Pinout Function
Mini DIN8 Baycom
1 7 DTR push to talk
2 5 MAC CTS in unused
3 4 TXD- transmit data out -
4 5 Ground
5 8 RXD-
6 NC TXD+ transmit data out+
7 NC Not connected
8 5 RXD+ / Ground
NOTE: This is *NOT* a standard cable you can buy. I asked A&A and
they may carry this cable made up in the future.
Starting Softkiss
Hook up the modem as described above to either Mac port but not
yet to the radio(it might key up due to the last terminal emulation
program leaving DTR on).
Get whatever might be using the port on the Mac to stop using it. If
you are connecting to the printer port be sure that AppleTalk is
turned off.
If you are using a Mac fx or quadra you need to set the serial ports
to compatibility mode.
Place the SoftKiss control panel in the System Folder (system 6) or
Control panel folder (system 7) and reboot.
Bring up the SoftKiss control panel and select "KISS mode TNC" for
the port you want to use for a radio.
Possible Problems
If the control panel says the port is busy, maybe it is (is appletalk off
if you are using port b?)
If it says that there is "no scc chip" then you have an fx, quadra, or
newer and need to follow the compatibility section above.
Hook up the radio, something is wrong if it keys up right now...
Using Net
You did get the host table and ip address talked about above in the
steal this stuff section right?
Put the hosts.net file in the same directory as the NET/Mac
application. It must have at least your own ip address and hostname
(call sign) listed. Sample minimal file:
44.112.0.200 n3xyz
Now the fun part [sic]. There is this file called "autoexec.net" you
need to put the same information in it in ten different ways and set
some strange settings, so be patient.
Copy the file Autoexec.TEMPLATE and name the copy Autoexec.net
Replace all occurrences of my_callsign with your actual in lower
case.
Replace the one occurrence of IPADDRESS with your actual ip
address. Afterwards that line should look like:ip addr [44.112.0.200]
Search for the string QST-0 (that is a zero at the end). On this line it
kind of looks like a call sign but the last two bytes are zero. So you
need to change the second number which is 112 where I live to be
the second number from your ip address.
Search for the line hostfile "boot:macnet:Hosts.net", this needs to
name Hosts.net file. I don't think it likes spaces much so you may
need to rename a directory if it has them.
Search for "attach asy 1 a" if you are using the modem port you are
all set. If you are using the printer port change the a to be yielding:
attach asy 1 b
Now, finally run the net program, leaving Softkiss running.
If net hangs at startup it is usually because the port (modem or
printer) is not running Softkiss and doesn't have anything attached
to it, check your configuration
If net give some error messages at startup check your autoexec.net
To monitor packets and see if everything is setup ok. Give net the
command "trace ax0 111" this opens a window and shows all the
packets going by. When you are done quit net and restart it as it
seems to drop connections when the trace window is open.
To connect to my favorite bbs (w2xo) I use:
c ax0 w2xo
There is built in help in net and a sub directory with more
documentation.
Overall the system needs work and is under construction.
When it doesn't transmit
To make adjustments to Softkiss you need to do:
Run any terminal emulator program such as Red Ryder, White
Knight, Mac Terminal, Kermit and select the same port you picked in
the control panel.
You will get the modem> prompt or printer> prompt depending on
which port you are using. The help command will give a list of
commands and their usage. Typical command sequence
online false
-- make changes
online true
Changes are not saved yet (sorry)
Times are in microseconds
To have finer control for high speed radios Softkiss thinks of time in
microseconds. Most TNCs measure time in milliseconds but express it
in milliseconds/10. You thought you would never need to use that
stuff from the exams on micro->milli right?
An example, my kam [Kantronics All Mode, a common TNC] manual
says the default time for txdelay is "30". But it internally multiples
by 10, it has a default txdelay of 300 milliseconds. To convert to
microseconds for Softkiss add three zeros to yield 300000
tx_delay
This is the delay for your transmitter to key up, squelch to break on
the receiver and the receiving end to synchronize. The default is
300000 microseconds (which is 3 tenths of a second). If it is too
short it won't work. If it too long it wastes air time.
Once you have things working you can make this number smaller till
it breaks and back off a little.
If you are using a tx_delay as small as possible, then it makes a
difference how the other end is set up. If they using a "DCD detector"
to run open squelch then when you switch to talk to someone else
you would need to up the time.
Ask around to see what folks in your area are using for your kind of
radio.
tail_delay
After Softkiss transmits all of your data to the serial chip it waits
while the SCC hardware transmits the final data byte to the radio
then the checksum and a closing flag. This time is how long it waits.
This time does not vary according to your radio, or the radio at the
other end.
Softkiss should figure it out itself but it doesn't yet.
tail_delay defaults to 50000 microseconds.
If it is too small the receiving end won't understand your packet.
It it is too big you waste air time.
If you are using 300 baud on HF 50000 wont be enough, it needs to
be large enough for about 4 characters. I haven't tried it but 150000
should be enough for 300 baud.
Fairness, xmit_dwait, xmit_slottime, xmit_persist
Softkiss tries to transmit when nobody else is transmitting so that it
doesn't interfere. So does everyone else. These parameters
(xmit_dwait xmit_slottime, xmit_persist) teach Softkiss the rules that
the hams in your area use to play fair in transmitting.
If Softkiss is too wimpy it will not transmit because it is being to
deferential and everyone else will go.
If Softkiss is too aggressive it will transmit on top of other people
and not give them a chance.
Ask around your area to find what hams are using for dwait, slottime
and persist.
dwait
This is how long to wait to give digipeaters a chance to go first. It
not used in my area anymore since slottime and persist where
invented so I set it to zero. Again, remember times are in
microseconds (see time section above)
xmit_persist
When Softkiss wants to transmit it plays dice. It takes out it's 1000
sided die and rolls it. If the number it rolls is bigger than what you
picked for xmit_persist it goes to sleep for xmit_slottime then tries
again. Being a computer it's die is labeled from 0 to 999.
My kam defaults to 63 for persist but it is 63 on a 256 sided die
which gives it about a 25% chance of transmitting when it wants to.
The same chance would be 'xmit_persist 250' to SoftKiss.
If it xmit_persist number is too small everyone else will go and you
wont take a shot at it.
If it is too small you will jump in and not give everyone else a
chance.
xmit_slottime
If die roll above for xmit_persist says to take a nap this is how long
to sleep for. It defaults to 90000 microseconds which is 90
milliseconds. Ask around what folks in your area are using. Again,
see the section on time above a kam setting of 90 is 90000 to
Softkiss.
Future Softkiss Wish List
Ñ Interface to Virtuoso to have a better user interface than macnet
Ñ AppleTalk (printing, AppleShare) over radio
Ñ MacTCP (apple's TCP system)
Ñ AfterDark packet monitoring module
Ñ A built in connect command in SoftKiss
Appendix 1
AMPRNet IP address coordinators as of 15 January 1992
44.002 Bob Meyer K6RTV Calif: Sacramento
44.004 Douglas Thom N6OYU Calif: Silicon Valley -
San Francisco
44.006 Don Jacob WB5EKU Calif: Santa Barbara/Ventura
44.008 Brian Kantor WB6CYT Calif: San Diego
44.010 Terry Neal AA6TN Calif: Orange County
44.012 Steven King KD7RO Eastern
Washington,Idaho
44.014 John Shalamskas KJ9U Hawaii & Pacific
Islands
44.016 Jeff Angus WA6FWI Calif: Los Angeles - S F
Valley
44.017 Dana Myers KK6JQ Calif: Antelope
Valley/Kern County
44.018 Geoffrey Joy KE6QH Calif: San Bernardino &
Riverside
44.020 Fred Schneider K0YUM Colorado: Northeast
44.022 John Stannard KL7JL Alaska
44.024 Dennis Goodwin KB7DZ Washington state:
Western (Puget Sound)
44.026 Ron Henderson WA7TAS Oregon
44.028 Don Adkins KD5QN Texas: Dallas
44.030 J Gary Bender WS5N New Mexico
44.032 Bdale Garbee N3EUA Colorado: Southeast
44.034 Jeff Pierce WD4NMQ Tennesee
44.036 Doug Drye KD4NC Georgia
44.038 Mike Abbott N4QXV South Carolina
44.040 Jeff Jacobsen WA7MBL Utah
44.042 Phil Akers WA4DDE Mississippi
44.044 Ed Thorne WB1FEM Massachusetts: western
44.046 William Simmons WB0ROT Missouri
44.048 Jacques Kubley KA9FJS Indiana
44.050 Ron Breitwisch KC0OX Iowa
44.052 Gary Grebus K8LT New Hampshire
44.054 Ralph Stetson KD1R Vermont
44.056 Don Hughes KA1MF Eastern Mass
44.058 Rich Clemens KB8AOB West Virginia
44.060 Howard Leadmon WB3FFV Maryland
44.062 Jim Dearras WA4ONG Virginia (not DC)
44.064 Dave Trulli NN2Z New Jersey: northern
44.065 Bob Applegate WA2ZZX New Jersey: southern
44.066 John DeGood NU3E Delaware
44.068 Bob Foxworth K2EUH New York: Long Island
44.069 Paul Gerwitz WA2WPI New York: upstate
44.070 Gary Sanders N8EMR Ohio
44.072 Ken Stritzel WA9AEK Chicago - North Ill.
44.074 James Curran KA4OJN North Carolina (east)
44.075 Charles Layno WB4WOR North Carolina (west)
44.076 Kurt Freiberger WB5BBW Texas: south
44.077 Rod Huckabay KA5EJX Texas: west
44.078 Joe Buswell K5JB Oklahoma
44.080 John Gayman WA3WBU Pennsylvania: eastern
44.082 Steven Elwood N7GXP Montana
44.084 Bob Ludtke K9MWM Colorado: Western
44.086 Reid Fletcher WB7CJO Wyoming
44.088 Jon Bloom KE3Z Connecticut
44.090 Mike Nickolaus NF0N Nebraska
44.092 Pat Davis KD9UU Wisconsin, upper peninsula
Michigan
44.094 Gary Sharp WD0HEB Minnesota
44.096 Don Bennett K4NGC District of Columbia
44.098 Garry Paxinos (waiting) Florida
44.100 Ken Adkisson WB4FAY Alabama
44.102 Jeff King WB8WKA Michigan (lower peninsula)
44.104 Charles Greene W1CG Rhode Island
44.106 Tyler Barnett N4TY Kentucky
44.108 James Dugal N5KNX Louisiana
44.110 Richard Duncan WD5B Arkansas
44.112 Bob Hoffman N3CVL Pennsylvania: western
44.114 Steven Elwood N7GXP N&S Dakota
44.116 Tom Kloos WS7S Oregon:
NW&Portland,Vancouver WA
44.118 Jon Andrews WA2YVL Maine
44.120 unassigned
44.122 Dale Puckett K0HYD Kansas
44.124 David Dodell WB7TPY Arizona
44.125 Earl Petersen KF7TI Nevada
44.126 Karl Wagner KP4QG Puerto Rico
#
# 44.128 is reserved for testing. Do not use for operational networks.
# You may safely assume that any packets with 44.128 addresses are
bogons
# unless you are using them for some sort of testing
#
44.128 TEST
#
# International subnet coordinators by country
#
44.129 Japan JG1SLY Tak Kushida, JH3XCU Joly
Kanbayashi
44.130 Germany DL4TA Ralf D Kloth
44.131 United Kingdom G6PWY Chris ?
44.132 Indonesia YB1BG Robby Soebiakto
44.133 Spain EA4DQX Jose Antonio Garcia. Madrid.
(EA4DQX @ EA4DQX)
44.134 Italy I2KFX
44.135 Canada VE3GYQ David Toth
44.136 Australia VK2ZXQ John Tanner
44.137 Holland PA0GRI Gerard Van Der Grinten
44.138 Israel 4X6OJ Ofer Lapid
44.139 Finland OH1MQK Matti Aarnio
44.140 Sweden SM0RGV Anders Klemets
44.141 Norway LA4JL Per Eotang
44.142 Switzerland HB9CAT Marco Zollinger
44.143 Austria OE1KDA Krzysztof Dabrowski
44.144 Belgium ON7LE
44.145 Denmark OZ1EUI
44.146 Phillipines DU1UJ Eddie Manolo
44.147 New Zealand
44.148 Ecuador HC5K Ted
44.149 Hong Kong VS6EL
44.150 Yugoslavia YU3FK Iztok Saje
44.151 France FC1BQP Pierre-Francois Monet
44.152 Venezuela OA4KO/YV5 Luis Suarez
44.153 Argentina LU7ABF Pedro Converso
44.154 Greece SV1IW Manos
44.155 Ireland EI9GL Paul Healy
44.156 Hungary HA5DI Markus Bela
44.157 Chile CE6EZB Raul Burgos
44.158 Portugal CT1DIA Artur Gomes
44.159 Thailand HS1JC Kunchit Charmaraman
44.160 South Africa ZS6BHD John
44.161 Luxembourg LX1YZ Erny Tontlinger
44.162 Cyprus 5B4TX C. Costis
44.163 Central America TI3DJT Chuck Hast
44.164 Surinam PZ2AC Otto Morroy
44.165 Poland SP5WCA Andrzej K. Brandt
44.166 Korea HL9TG Gary ?
44.193 Outer Space-AMSAT W3IWI Tom Clark